{"id":2226920,"date":"2024-04-22T07:52:02","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T11:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/heres-just-some-of-the-historical-evidence-for-the-biblical-exodus\/"},"modified":"2024-04-22T07:56:41","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T11:56:41","slug":"heres-just-some-of-the-historical-evidence-for-the-biblical-exodus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/heres-just-some-of-the-historical-evidence-for-the-biblical-exodus\/","title":{"rendered":"Explore Historical Proof of the Biblical Exodus"},"content":{"rendered":"<aside class=\"mashsb-container mashsb-main mashsb-stretched\"><div class=\"mashsb-box\"><div class=\"mashsb-count mash-medium\" style=\"&quot;\"><div class=\"counts mashsbcount\">14<\/div><span class=\"mashsb-sharetext\">SHARES<\/span><\/div><div class=\"mashsb-buttons\"><a class=\"mashicon-facebook mash-medium mash-nomargin mashsb-noshadow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativenewsdaily.net%2Fbreaking-news%2Fheres-just-some-of-the-historical-evidence-for-the-biblical-exodus%2F\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"icon\"><\/span><span class=\"text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><a class=\"mashicon-twitter mash-medium mash-nomargin mashsb-noshadow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=&amp;url=https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/?p=2226920&amp;via=ConservNewsDly\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"icon\"><\/span><span class=\"text\">Twitter<\/span><\/a><a class=\"mashicon-subscribe mash-medium mash-nomargin mashsb-noshadow\" href=\"#\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"icon\"><\/span><span class=\"text\">Subscribe<\/span><\/a><div class=\"onoffswitch2 mash-medium mashsb-noshadow\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <div style=\"clear:both\"><\/div><\/aside>\n            <!-- Share buttons by mashshare.net - Version: 4.0.47--><p>The content discusses the celebration of Passover by Jews marking their escape from Egyptian captivity, intertwined with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/republicans-blast-biden-for-ignoring-border-crisis\/\" title=\"Republicans Blast Biden for Ignoring Border Crisis\">historical analysis<\/a>\u200b and debates\u2064 surrounding \u200bthe\u2063 Biblical Exodus. Scholars,\u2064 through various historical and linguistic examinations,\u2063 offer diverse timelines and geographical explanations for key events like \u200dthe crossing of the Red Sea and the \u2063location of Mount Sinai, shedding light on \u200cthe \u2064complexity \u2064of this ancient narrative.  <\/p>\n<p class=\"readmore\">\n    <button onclick=\"showReadMore()\" id=\"readmorebtn\">Read more&#8230;<\/button>\n<\/p>\n<hr id=\"line\">\n<span id=\"more\"><\/p>\n<p><?xml encoding=\"utf-8\" ?><?xml encoding=\"utf-8\" ?><?xml encoding=\"utf-8\" ?><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>Tonight begins Passover, or Pasach, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/jan-6-is-important-because-its-epiphany-not-the-solemn-anniversary-of-a-fake-insurrection\/\" title=\"Jan. 6 Is Important Because It\u2019s Epiphany, Not The Solemn Anniversary Of A Fake Insurrection\">celebrated worldwide<\/a> by Jews. As recounted in Exodus\u00a013:3-10, this ritual meal marks their ancestors\u2019 escape from Egyptian captivity.<\/p>\n<p>About three weeks earlier, Christians celebrated Easter to commemorate Jesus\u2019 Resurrection. Judaism and Christianity share not merely monotheism, but also recount their miraculous foundations as history.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fdrlst__b89e9-paragraph-2-long d-flex justify-content-center\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; \" id=\"fdrlst__b89e9-1516740027\">\n<div id=\"div-gpt-ad-1379703300879-0\" class=\"mb-30\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fdrlst__b89e9-58fd42f9b6c03bc855dab389aa7cb832 fdrlst__b89e9-paragraph-2\" id=\"fdrlst__b89e9-58fd42f9b6c03bc855dab389aa7cb832\"><\/div>\n<p>Together they form the moral foundation for Western culture, a foundation that is collapsing, in part due to post-Enlightenment critiques of the historicity of these religions. But, as a careful examination of the historical record will show, these critiques can\u2019t quite justify a wholesale rejection of Judeo-Christian values.<\/p>\n<p>Many scholars dismiss the Exodus as a fable. Anthropologists contend that an enormous migrant population together with livestock could not have survived that journey in a desolate landscape, and the archaeological record is incomplete.<\/p>\n<p>But the story does not end there. Textual critics study the Hebrew scriptures in the original languages to help contextualize our understanding and untangle questions. When did the Israelites escape from Egypt? How and where did they cross the \u201cRed Sea\u201d? Where was Mount Sinai? What route did they take? These questions are difficult, but intriguing answers exist.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Period<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>According to 1\u00a0Kings\u00a06:1, Solomon began temple construction in his fourth year of reign (c. 966\u00a0B.C.), 480 years after the Israelites\u2019 escape. That dates the Exodus to the mid-15th century\u00a0B.C., presumably during the ambitious 18th-dynasty reign of Thutmose\u00a0III as pharaoh.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fdrlst__b89e9-00601038582d8724a5c6e3f8c4a2e9dc fdrlst__b89e9-paragraph-6\" id=\"fdrlst__b89e9-00601038582d8724a5c6e3f8c4a2e9dc\"><\/div>\n<p>This is too early, however, because of regional Egyptian dominance over the then-vacant Levant. Exodus\u00a01:11 identifies Pi-Rameses (modern Qantir) as one complex built under Israelite conscription and used for about two centuries, meaning the Exodus was no earlier than the 19th-dynasty reign of Rameses\u00a0II (c.\u00a01279-c.\u00a01213\u00a0B.C.).<\/p>\n<p>Further, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/artifacts-ancient-writings\/merneptah-stele-0020466\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Merneptah Stele<\/a> of Rameses\u2019 successor, dating from 1208\u00a0B.C., mentions Egyptian engagement with Israelite tribes toward the end of the Bronze Age and before the Sea People\u2019s invasion in c.\u00a01178\u00a0B.C. that precipitated the Philistine settlement along the Levantine coast as reported in Judges\u00a013:1.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <span class=\"XLG43vqwxYsIfuB16pEtNU\"><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The Merneptah Stele, dated to around 1219 B.C , commemorates Pharaoh Merneptah&#8217;s military victories. <\/p>\n<p>It mentions several conquered lands and peoples, including a group called &#8220;ISREAL\u201d, suggesting that a group identified as Israel existed during this time.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 2\/3 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Q4JiwXKS7A\">pic.twitter.com\/Q4JiwXKS7A<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Obeth Ayala \u271e (@ObethAyala) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ObethAyala\/status\/1779985841370042783?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/span> <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Not So Fast<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Other evidence points to a later period, especially considering Egyptian hegemony over the Levant through most of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/3200-year-old-tomb-of-temple-guard-discovered-in-egypt\/\" title=\"3,200-Year-Old Tomb Of Temple Guard Discovered In Egypt\">19th dynasty<\/a>, as exemplified by Egypt\u2019s victory over the Hittites in the Battle of Kadesh in 1274\u00a0B.C. Additionally, linguistic analysis dates Miriam\u2019s Song of the Sea (Exodus\u00a015:1-18, 21) to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/how-to-eradicate-transgenderism-from-public-life\/\" title=\"How To Eradicate Transgenderism From Public Life\">12th century<\/a>\u00a0B.C. and the Song of Deborah (Judges\u00a05:1-31) to the late 12th to 11th centuries\u00a0B.C.<\/p>\n<p>The former celebrates escape from the Egyptian army (partly recounted in Psalm\u00a078:12-14), while the latter commemorates Israel\u2019s military defeat of Canaanite forces at the Battle of Kishon in the Jezreel Valley. The Judges account (5:19-20) provides clues: \u201cat Ta\u2019anach by \u2026 Megiddo. \u2026 From the heavens the stars fought.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"fdrlst__b89e9-9a2a1a081fcd584bc5a9cf4cea1ac2e4 fdrlst__b89e9-paragraph-10\" id=\"fdrlst__b89e9-9a2a1a081fcd584bc5a9cf4cea1ac2e4\"><\/div>\n<p>The destruction of the strategic and fortified city of Megiddo in the Jezreel Valley about the mid-12th century\u00a0B.C. left the smaller settlement Ta\u2019anach to demarcate the battlefield. Ta\u2019anach\u2019s abandonment in 1125\u00a0B.C. provides another clue to the date of the Exodus. The stellar reference might indicate a <a href=\"https:\/\/eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov\/5MCSEmap\/-1199--1100\/-1130-09-30.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">solar eclipse<\/a> on September 30 in\u00a01131\u00a0B.C., although first-century historian Josephus in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/hopper\/text?doc=J.+AJ+5.205&#038;fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antiquities<\/a><\/em>  interprets this celestial allegory instead as heavy rainfall.<\/p>\n<p>The Egyptians recognized Israelite occupation at the end of the 13th century\u00a0B.C., before the invasion by Sea Peoples (including the Philistines). So the Exodus could have occurred in the mid-to-late-12th century during the early 20th dynasty (1190-1077\u00a0B.C.) while Egypt underwent imperial decline, and subsequent to Philistine arrival (Exodus\u00a015:14). The brief reigns of these pharaohs brought frequent administrative changes (Exodus\u00a04:19) that Moses could use to exploit an untested ruler.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Crossing<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Colin Humphreys provides extensive historical analysis and geographic description in his seminal <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.harpercollins.com\/products\/the-miracles-of-exodus-colin-humphreys?variant=32122465386530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Miracles of Exodus<\/a><\/em>. He explains the journey by identifying select place names based on topography and the Exodus chronology, beginning at Pi-Rameses (Exodus\u00a012:37, Numbers 33:3) and camping at Succoth (Exodus\u00a013:20) at modern-day Maskhuta. The sojourn began in springtime after the desert rains, and at full moon, so the people and animals could travel both night and day.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <span class=\"ZgWTFVaQIbhuxSD75\"><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Dal <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/Cnr_Ispc?src=hash&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Cnr_Ispc<\/a> nuove scoperte su imponenti infrastrutture antiche nel sito egiziano di Tell el-Maskhuta, antica citt\u00e0 di Tjeku, non lontano dal Canale di Suez<br \/>Missione archeologica svolta nell\u2019ambito del Progetto &#8220;Tell el-Maskhuta e Wadi Tumilat&#8221;<br \/>Leggi\ud83d\udc47<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/YwN2KFxTL3\">https:\/\/t.co\/YwN2KFxTL3<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/J5cTBABYSm\">pic.twitter.com\/J5cTBABYSm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (@CNRsocial_) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CNRsocial_\/status\/1658807105451687937?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 17, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/span> <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Another question revolves around the water crossing at \u201cyam sup,\u201d typically translated as \u201csea of reeds.\u201d Yet 1\u00a0Kings\u00a09:26 locates the port of Ezion-Geber on the Gulf of Aqaba as at yam sup, identified in English-language Bibles as the Red Sea (so named for the coral visible at very low tide).<\/p>\n<p>Humphreys proposes that the Hebrews crossed the Paran Desert traveling east past Nakhel and then traversed south through a narrow river bed pass, perhaps Wadi Shlomo, to reach the Aqaba gulf shore. To their alarm, Egyptian soldiers marched behind, while the chariots overtook them through the Arabah Valley. Moses and his people were now trapped by a pincer maneuver (Exodus\u00a014:9-10).<\/p>\n<p>In a miraculous turn of events, an unusually strong and steady wind prevailing from the northeast in that region produced a \u201cwind setdown\u201d during the night. These gale forces pushed the water to provide a temporary dry path. This phenomenon has been documented for the <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0012481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nile Delta<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0072510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lake Erie<\/a>. After the tribe crossed near Ezion-Geber, Egyptian forces gave pursuit just as the wind withdrew.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mount Sinai<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Following their harrowing escape, the Hebrews camped at Elim (Exodus\u00a015:27, Numbers\u00a033:9) in the vicinity of Jabal Bakr, resuming 30 days (Exodus\u00a016:1) after their journey had begun. They camped along the Red Sea (Numbers 33:10), probably at Tiryam, before moving to Rephidim (Exodus\u00a017:1, Numbers 33:13), which remains unidentified. There, Amalek natives attacked them before they arrived 15 days later at Mount Sinai (Exodus\u00a019:1-2) in the land of Midian, where their leader had sojourned years before.<\/p>\n<p>Based on geography, Humphreys locates Mount Sinai at the basalt mound Hala-\u2019l Badr, rejecting other candidates, notably Jabal al-Lawz in Arabia and the traditional Jabal Musa in the Sinai as non-volcanic. An isolated plateau, Badr presents an imposing site in the present day.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:83% auto\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Glen Fritz \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/ancientexodus.com\/was-mount-sinai-a-volcano\/\">Google Earth<\/a> with author\u2019s modifications<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In addition, Humphrey proposes a travel route (shown on the topographical map below) that attempts to square the biblical account with today\u2019s geography of the region. Along the wanderings, Kadesh Barnea (Numbers 33:36) provided refuge. Its presumed site lies in the northern Sinai Peninsula, despite the absence of occupation prior to the monarchy.<\/p>\n<p>Petra has been proposed as the alternate destination after leaving Mount Sinai. Other early locations, such as Jabal Nibu (Mount Nebo), where Moses died (Deuteronomy 34:1-6), the cultic site of Shiloh (Joshua 18:1, Judges 21:19), and Be\u2019er Sheva (Joshua 19:2) in the Negev had importance.<\/p>\n<p>The scribes for these sacred texts that contain the Exodus account assumed the serious responsibility of annotating their literary inheritance. Devotional motivations did not negate the historical details of their origin narratives, even if modern academicians complain about complications in verifying those descriptions.<\/p>\n<p>Our post-Enlightenment society often rejects inconvenient moral imperatives because they supposedly originate from ancient folklore. With the passage of time, many elements of the Exodus story seem unresolved. But the core inspiration remains \u2014 a beleaguered people in bondage pleaded with God to set them free (Deuteronomy 26:7-8). And so they were.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fdrlst__b89e9-59807a4a4c8fc60220a10dd2e32e41fc fdrlst__b89e9-after-post-content\" id=\"fdrlst__b89e9-59807a4a4c8fc60220a10dd2e32e41fc\"><\/div>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\">    \t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tonight marks the start of Passover, celebrated globally by Jews, commemorating their escape from Egyptian bondage as narrated in Exodus 13:3-10. Christians observed Easter three weeks prior, honoring Jesus&#8217; Resurrection. Both religions, based on monotheism, share miraculous historical origins, forming a common moral foundation<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1618,"featured_media":2226921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-19-at-2.21.26%E2%80%AFPM.png","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[546],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2226920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-federalist"],"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-19-at-2.21.26%E2%80%AFPM.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1618"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2226920"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226920\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2226921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2226920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2226920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservativenewsdaily.net\/breaking-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2226920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}