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Harvey C. Mansfield: The World’s Leading Scholar on Machiavelli
Harvey C. Mansfield is undoubtedly the foremost authority on Niccolò Machiavelli, particularly in the field of political theory. His expertise is recognized not only by his peers in political theory but also by esteemed historians like James Hankins. In his captivating book, Machiavelli’s Effectual Truth: Creating a Modern World, Mansfield brings together a collection of essays that delve into the profound insights of Machiavelli.
A Unique Interpretation of Machiavelli
Mansfield’s interpretation of Machiavelli sets him apart from other scholars in two significant ways. Firstly, he emphasizes Machiavelli’s deep antipathy towards Christianity, a departure from the civic humanists who sought to reconcile ancient political thought with Christian revelation. Machiavelli believed that Christianity had weakened modern citizenship, replacing patriotic love for the fatherland with pacifism and an exclusive focus on the afterlife.
Secondly, Mansfield insists that Machiavelli should not be sanitized and transformed into a proponent of enlightenment and peaceful individualism. He argues that to truly understand Machiavelli’s thought, we must confront his original teachings, which include a tolerance for violence and deceit. While Machiavelli valued prosperity, he placed greater importance on honor, aligning him with classical ideals.
Is Machiavelli a Philosopher?
Mansfield’s book also raises the question of whether Machiavelli should be considered a philosopher. While contemporary philosophy departments may not widely embrace this view, Mansfield aligns with Leo Strauss in asserting that Machiavelli was indeed a philosopher. He explores Machiavelli’s influence on notable philosophers like Bacon, Spinoza, and Montesquieu, highlighting their recognition of Machiavelli’s philosophical contributions.
The “Effectual Truth” of Machiavelli
The title of Mansfield’s book refers to Chapter 15 of Machiavelli’s renowned work, The Prince. In this chapter, Machiavelli argues that rulers must base their actions on how men are, rather than how they ought to be. This “effectual truth” guides princes in achieving security and well-being for themselves and their people. Machiavelli challenges the traditional notions of virtue and vice, redefining them in the context of real-world power and the pursuit of success.
The Dance with Fortuna
Machiavelli’s concept of Fortuna, or fortune, plays a crucial role in his teachings. A successful prince, according to Machiavelli, must engage in an inner dance with Fortuna, harnessing her unpredictable power to his advantage. Machiavelli advises princes to be self-reliant, avoiding reliance on advisers and instead relying on their own virtue. He believes that the most successful rulers are those who fight against adversity and shape their own destinies.
Republics and Principalities
Machiavelli’s preference for republics over principalities is a subject of ongoing debate. Mansfield argues that there is no conflict between Machiavelli’s works The Prince and The Discourses. He contends that republics require periodic refounding by princely figures to combat corruption. Machiavelli’s admiration for the republic of Rome, which he considers superior to the imagined republics of Plato and St. Augustine, supports his belief in the symbiotic relationship between republics and principality.
Mansfield’s exploration of Machiavelli’s complex ideas sheds light on the philosopher’s vision for a new world order. Machiavelli’s teachings challenge traditional notions of virtue and offer a unique perspective on the pursuit of power and success. Through Mansfield’s engaging analysis, readers gain a deeper understanding of Machiavelli’s enduring influence.
Machiavelli’s Effectual Truth: Creating a Modern World by Harvey C. Mansfield
Cambridge University Press, 298 pp., $34.99
Waller R. Newell is a visiting professor at the Hamilton Center for Classical and Civic Education at the University of Florida and the author, most recently, of Tyranny and Revolution: Rousseau to Heidegger (Cambridge).
How has Mansfield’s research and analysis impacted the understanding and interpretation of Machiavelli’s works?
Believes that rulers should not rely on moral or ethical considerations but should instead focus on the practical realities of politics. Mansfield explores this concept in great detail, applying it to modern political contexts and demonstrating its continued relevance in today’s world.
Legacy and Influence
Mansfield’s meticulous research and insightful analysis have had a significant impact on the understanding and interpretation of Machiavelli’s works. His groundbreaking work has opened up new avenues of study and has inspired countless scholars to delve deeper into the complexities of Machiavelli’s political thought.
Furthermore, Mansfield’s writings have not only influenced political theory but also political practice. His ideas on leadership and the nature of power have been embraced by many policymakers and have shaped their understanding of politics and governance. Mansfield has made Machiavelli accessible to a broader audience, demonstrating the relevance and applicability of his teachings in the modern world.
Conclusion
Harvey C. Mansfield stands out as the leading scholar on Niccolò Machiavelli, with his profound understanding and unique interpretation of Machiavelli’s works. His book, Machiavelli’s Effectual Truth: Creating a Modern World, delves into the intricacies of Machiavelli’s thought, challenging prevailing notions and shedding new light on the political philosopher’s ideas.
Mansfield’s work goes beyond mere academic scholarship, as it has influenced both political theory and practice. His research has sparked further exploration into Machiavelli’s writings and has shaped the understanding of his political thought. Mansfield’s contributions to the field make him a figure of immense importance in the study of Machiavelli, ensuring that his legacy will endure for years to come.
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