Euclid telescope to explore ‘dark universe’ in Europe.

SpaceX Rocket Set to Launch Euclid Telescope on a Mission to Unravel the Mysteries of the Universe

By Steve Gorman

A SpaceX rocket in Florida is preparing for an exciting launch on Saturday. On board is the Euclid telescope, a powerful instrument designed to explore the enigmatic cosmic phenomena known as dark energy and dark matter. These unseen forces are believed to make up a staggering 95% of the known universe.

The Euclid telescope, named after the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, is a European Space Agency (ESA) project. It will be carried into space by a Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. This $1.4 billion mission is expected to revolutionize astrophysics and deepen our understanding of gravity itself.

If all goes according to plan, Euclid will embark on a month-long journey to its destination in solar orbit, approximately 1 million miles from Earth. It will settle at a gravitational stable point called Lagrange Point Two, or L2, located between the Earth and the sun.

From this vantage point, Euclid will survey galaxies up to 10 billion light years away, far beyond our own Milky Way galaxy. Equipped with advanced instruments, it will measure the intensity and spectrums of infrared light emitted by these galaxies, providing precise data on their distances.

The primary focus of the mission is to study the evolution of the “dark universe,” which encompasses dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter is an invisible cosmic scaffolding that gives shape to the cosmos, while dark energy is an enigmatic force responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.

Scientists estimate that dark energy and dark matter together constitute a staggering 95% of the cosmos, with ordinary matter accounting for just 5%. The Euclid mission aims to unlock the secrets of these elusive components.

A Collaborative Endeavor

The Euclid telescope is a European-led mission, entirely designed and built by the European Space Agency (ESA). NASA has contributed photo detectors for its near-infrared instrument. The Euclid Consortium, consisting of over 2,000 scientists from 13 European nations, the U.S., Canada, and Japan, has been instrumental in its development.

Originally planned to launch on a Russian Soyuz rocket, the mission was shifted to SpaceX due to geopolitical circumstances. The launch was rescheduled to accommodate the availability of SpaceX’s launch services.

While the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope allows astronomers to observe specific objects with unprecedented clarity, Euclid will chart an enormous portion of the observable universe in 3-D. It will meticulously map over 1 billion galaxies, revealing the hidden fabric and mechanics of the cosmos.

Dark matter and dark energy cannot be directly detected, but their properties are encoded in the shapes and positions of galaxies. By studying these subtle variations over vast spans of time and space, Euclid will indirectly expose the forces of dark energy and help unravel the nature of dark matter.

Euclid’s data collection will span the last 10 billion years of cosmic history, providing insights into the formation and distribution of galaxies across the cosmic web of the universe. Beyond its primary objectives, Euclid is expected to be a valuable resource for various fields of astronomy for decades to come.

(Reporting by Steve Gorman in Los Angeles; Editing by William Mallard)

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